Important Terminologies in Agricultural Engineering

Important terminologies in Agricultural Engineering 

Air cleaner: Air cleaner is a mechanism for filtering and removing dust, moisture and other foreign matter from the air before it reaches the engine.

Furrow: furrow is a trench which is formed by an implement in the soil during field operation.

Furrow wall: It is the undisturbed soil surface by the side of a furrow. 

Furrow slice: Furrow slice is the mass of soil which is cut and turned by a plough. The weight of furrow slice of soil is 2.25x 106 kg/ha.

Furrow opener: Furrow opener is a mechanism attached with a seed drill for opening a furrow.

Furrow sole: At the bottom of the furrow the horizontal surface is called as furrow sole.

Back furrow: Raised furrow which remains at the centre of a strip of land. Back furrow formed during the centre to side ploughing.

Dead furrow: Dead furrow is an open trench left in between two adjacent strips of land after the ploughing.

Bakhar: Bakhar is an implement used for shallow working of the soil in field.

Ballast: It is a mass that can be added or removed from a tractor for the main purpose of stability.

Bore: The diameter of an engine cylinder is known as Bore.

Bottom dead centre (BDC):  The lower  most or  bottom  most position of the piston inside the engine cylinder is called as Bottom dead centre.

Top dead centre (TDC): The Top most or  upper  most  position  of  the piston inside the engine cylinder is known as Top dead centre.

Tillage: Tillage is a process of mechanical manipulation of soil to make it suitable for crop production.

Primary Tillage: The tillage operation which constitutes the initial soil working, having main objective of reducing soil  strength and rearrange the soil particle.

Secondary  tillage:  The tillage operations following primary tillage which are performed to create soil tilth for seeding and planting.

Scalping: Scalping is the process of cleaning of seeds in which  the  good seeds are dropped through screen openings while larger material is carried over the screen.

Brake horse power (BHP): BHP is the useful output power of an engine which is measured at the flywheel.

Frictional horse power (FHP): FHP is the power consumed within an engine from friction of its moving parts.

Indicated horse power (IHP): IHP is the power generated in the engine cylinder and received by the piston.

Drawbar power: It is the power of the tractor measured at the end of drawbar. It is the power available to pull loads or draw machines.

Water horse power: The horse power required to pump the water if pump and motor are 100 % efficient.

Shaft horse power: Power available at the shaft of the pump. SHP is the ratio of water horse power and pump efficiency.

Scraper: Scraper is a device to remove the soil that tends to stick to the working surface of a disk.

Gang:  Gang is defined as the each set of disks mounted on a common shaft.

Gang angle: The angle between the axis of the gang bolt and the direction of travel is known as Gang angle.

Wheel base: The horizontal distance between front and rear wheels of tractor, measured at the  ground contact  is  known  as  Wheel  base  of tractor.

Ground clearance: It is the height of the lowest point of the tractor from a level supporting surface.

Gauge wheel: An auxiliary wheel of an implement to maintain a uniform depth of working.

Broadcasting: Broadcasting is the process of scattering the seeds on the surface of seed bed.

Dibbling: Dibbling is the process of placing the seeds in the holes made in seed bed and covering them.

Jointer: Small irregular piece of metal having a similar shape to plough bottom, used to cut and turn over a small furrow slice.

Governor: Governor is a device which regulates or control the speed of an engine.