Important terminologies in Agricultural Engineering
Scavenging:
Scavenging is the process of
removal of the exhaust gases from the engine cylinder
usually by a flow of air.
Priming: Priming is the process of removing air from pump casing and suction pipe by filling
water in the suction pipe.
Pre-ignition: The burning of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber before
the piston has reached the TDC is called as pre-ignition.
Brake mean effective pressure
(BMEP):The average pressure
acting throughout the entire
power stroke which is necessary to produce engine Brake horse power.
Brake thermal
efficiency: Brake thermal efficiency is the ratio
of the useful power output of an engine to the fuel energy per unit time.
Cage
wheel: It is an attachment to a
wheel with spaced cross bars for improving the traction of the tractor during the operation in wet land.
Seed drill: Seed drill is
the machine used for drilling the seeds in the field.
Seed
cum fertilizer drill: The machine
which drill seeds and fertilizers simultaneously in the field in known as Seed cum fertilizer drill.
Winnowing: Winnowing is the process of
separating grains from
chaff with the help of air blast.
Horizontal clearance/Horizontal suction:
The maximum clearance between
the landside and
a horizontal plane,
touching point of
share at its gunnel side
and heel of landside in Mould board plough.It is generally 5-13 mm.
Vertical clearance/Vertical suction: The maximum clearance
under the landside and horizontal surface when Mould
board plough is resting on a horizontal surface
in working position.It is generally 3 to 5 mm.
Camshaft: The shaft which operate valves of engine
is called as Camshaft.
Crankshaft: Crankshaft is the main shaft of an engine which turned by connecting
rods, and changes the reciprocating
motion to rotary motion of the piston.
Clearance volume:
The space when piston
is at Top
dead centre holds the gases at full compression is known as Clearance volume.
Clutch: Clutch is a device which is used
to connect or disconnect the tractor engine from the transmission gears and drive wheels.
Combustion chamber: It is the volume of space above
the piston head when piston
is at top dead centre.
Compression ratio: It is the ratio of the volume of charge at the beginning
of the compression stroke to that at the end of the compression stroke.
Connecting rod: It is a rod connected
between the piston and the crankshaft of an engine.
Crankcase: It is the housing
within which the crankshaft is supported and is rotated.
Crown: Crown is the top portion
of the turned furrow slice.
Cylinder: It is the
space where piston moves.
Cylinder head: It is the detachable portion of an engine which covers the upper ends of the cylinders and includes the combustion chamber.
Cylinder block:
It is the solid casting which
includes the cylinder and
water jackets.
Harrow: Harrow is an implement to break the soil to a shallow
depth to kill weeds and to mix materials in the soil.
Harrowing: Harrowing is the secondary tillage
operation which pulverises and smoothens the soil surface
while preparing seed bed.
Lubricant: It is a material
which reduces the friction.
Thermostat: It is the valve used to control
the flow of water when temperature rises;
It is used in cooling
system of tractor.
Three point linkage: It is the combination of
one upper link
and two lower links which
is used to connect the implement to the tractor.
Disk
angle: The angle at which the
plane of the cutting edge of the disk is inclined to the direction of travel.
Tilt
angle: It is the angle at which
the plane of cutting edge of the disk is inclined to a vertical
line.
Share: It is the part of the plough
which penetrates into
the soil and makes a horizontal furrow below the surface.
Valve:
Valve is a device used to open and
close the entrance leading to an engine cylinder.
Injector: Injector is a device which injects fuel into the combustion chamber
of an engine against the pressure of air within
the chamber of diesel engine.
Inlet valve: Inlet valve permits
the charge to enter the
cylinder of an engine.
Inlet port:
In two stroke engine it is
the opening through which air or air fuel mixture enters
the cylinder.
Power take off: It is a shaft usually
splined externally to transmit rotational power to another
machine or equipment.
Mechanical efficiency: It is the ratio of the
brake power to indicated power.
Thermal efficiency: It is the ratio of the output in the form of useful
mechanical power to the power value of the fuel consumed.
Swept volume:
It is the volume displaced by one stroke
of the piston.
Caster angle: The
angle between the centre line of the king pin of the tractor and the vertical
line.
Camber angle: The angle between
the centre line of the tyre and the vertical line.
Track: Track is the distance between the two wheels of the tractor
on the same axle, measured
at the point of ground contact.
