Daily Dosage -Paddy - Part 2 - Agronomy Important Q & A for all Competitive Exams

Paddy-Part 2 - Agronomy  Important  Q & A for all Competitive Exams

1.          Seed rate of rice-

• In Broad casting: 100 kg/ha.
• In Drilling method: 60 kg/ha.
• Dapog method: 1.5-3.0 kg/m2.
• SRI / Medagasker method: 6-7 kg/ ha.
• Hybrid rice: 15 kg/ha.

2.          Spacing for rice planting-

• Transplanting : 20 x 10 cm
• Hybrid : 20 x 15 cm
• SRI/ medagasker : 8 x 8 inch / 25 x 25 cm

3.          Nursery area for rice planting:

• Wet method: 1:10 m2
• SRI method:     1: 100 m2
•  Dapog method:  1:250 m2

4.      Seedlings become ready to transplant:

• Kharif : 20-25 day after sowing
• Rabi : 30-35 day after sowing
• Depog : 12-14 day after sowing
• SRI method : 10-12 day after sowing

5.      Depog method is a soil less method which is introduced from Manila ,                     Philippine
6.     SRI method from Madagascar, Developed by hennary di leley in 1980, Firstly adopted by TNAU in India.
7.     Hulling: removal of hull.
8.     Puddling: it is a process of destruction of soil aggregates by mechanical force in soil with excessive moisture  content  and  reduced the percolation loss.
9.     Milling : polishing of rice ( thus loss of Vit-B)
10.    Parboiling : hydrothermal process (treated by hot water) for conservation of Vit-B12
11.      Bushing: Ploughing on field after direct sowing for getting suitable no. of plants.
12.      NPK ratio for rice – 120:60:60
13.      Rice uptake nitrogen in both from- Ammonia and Nitrate.
14.      NH4- Methane gas released from paddy field.
15.      Respiration in rice plant by aeren chyma cell.
16.      Nitrogen use efficiency in rice 30-40%.
17.      Nitrogen fixation by BGA in rice field 20-25 kg/ha.

18.      Hybrid rice Developed by Y.L. Ping in 1970 at china.

19.      Hybrid rice introduced in india-1994
21.      Lunishree variety is known as super rice.
20.      Super rice Developed by G.S. Khush.
22.      Khaira disease in rice caused by Zn deficiency.
23.      Zn Deficiency first reported by Y.L. Nene in 1966 at pantnagar.
24.     Zn deficiency Managed by Znso4 0.5%
25.      Khaira disease also called iron rust.
26.      Browning in rice caused by iron toxicity.
27.      Phalguna variety of rice is tolerance to iron toxicity.
28.      White eye disease in rice caused by iron deficiency.
 

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Daily Dosage -Paddy - Part 1 - Agronomy Important Q & A for all Competitive Exams

 Paddy-Part 1 - Agronomy  Important Q & A for all Competitive Exams

1. Origin of paddy: South east Asia/Indo Burma.

2. Botanical name of rice: Oryza sativa

3. Family of Rice: Gramineae/Poaceae

4. Chromosome number in rice: 2n=24

5. Inflorescence of rice: panicle, which has 6 stamens.

6. Orzya sativa is evolve from Oryza nivara (2n=48)

7. Oryza sativa genome : AA

8. Rice is considered as Stable food of Asia.

9. Maximum hybrid rice cultivated in China.

10. Water requirement in rice for overall growth: 1250 mm.

11. 5000 littre water requirement to produce 1 kg rice.

12. Oryza sativa has 3 varietal types:

• Indica: grown in india, also called tropical rice

• Japonica : grown in japan, also called subtropical rice

• Javanica : grown in indonasia, wild rice

13. Lodging does not occur in japonica spp of rice.

14.Rice contains about 70% carbohydrate and 6-7% protein.

15.Rice protein is called oryzein.

16.Protein percentage in rice bran 12-15%

17.Critical stage for irrigation- Booting stage.

18.Rice field submerged in 5 cm deep water.

19.Test weight of rice 25 gm and basmati rice 21gm.

20.Fruit type is caryopsis.

21.Lemma & palea is called hull.

22.Stem of rice called as clum.

23.Rice is a self pollinated crop, C3 and short day crop.

24.Climate for rice: hot and humid.

25.Rice provides about 22% of the world’s supply of calories & 17% of the proteins.

26.In kharif, dry nursery of rice gives higher yields compared to wet nursery.

27.Lysine content in rice- 4 %

28.Seed multiplication ratio: 1:80 (Varieties) , 1:100 (Hybrids)

29.Temperature for rice cultivation-

• M inimum/base : 10-12⁰C

•  Optimum : 30-32⁰C

•  Maximum : 38-40⁰C

•  Average temp : 21-37⁰C

•  Blooming temp : 26.5-29.5⁰C

•  For ripening : 20-25⁰C

•  Panicle initiation : 20-22⁰C

30.Clay loam is best for rice cultivation

31.4-6 or 5.5-6.5, both are suitable for rice cultivation.

32.CRRI : central rice research institute, cuttack ( Orissa) 23 april 1946

33.IRRI : international rice research institute, los banos, phillippines, 1960

34.Dehusked rice is called as brown rice.

35.18% silicon is found in hull of rice.

36.Rice bran oil percentage: 18-20%.

37.Fat percentage in rice: 2-2.5%.

38.Polishing percentage in rice: 2%

39.Hulling percentage in rice: 66%

40.Husk percentage in rice: 33%

41. Milling percentage in rice: 50-55%

42. Harvesting index of rice: 0.40

43.The gene responsible for dwarfness is Dee-Gee-Woo-gene.

44. IR-8 = dee-gee-woo-gene x peta.

45.IR-8 introduced in India in 1966.

46.TN-1 variety introduced in India by G. V. Ghalam from international rice research institute in 1964.

47.Jaya = TN-1 X T-141 (miracle rice).

48. Aroma in rice is due to 2-Acetyl-1 Pyrroline.

49.IW/CPE for rice crop-1.20

50.Gap filling is done in paddy field 7-10 days after transplanting.

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Daily Dosage - Soil Science Oneliner for all Competitive Exam

  Soil Science Oneliner for all Competitive Exam

           1. Maximum phosphorus availability in the range 6.0 to 6.5
2. The most deficient micronutrient in soil is zn
3. Soil fertility and fertilizers was written by Samuel l tisdale.
4. Intracellular deposits of silicon element is known as plant opals.
5.“Indian society of soil science” (ISSS) headquarters is located in New Delhi, 1934.
6.“International soil reference and information centre” is located  in Netherland(1966).
7.“International union of soil science” Australia(1924).
8. For nitrification optimum ph is 8.5.
9. Humus fraction lightest in colour is fulvic acid.
10. Pedoturbation is the process of soil mixing.
11. In India, Histosols soil order have negligible area.
12. Partical density of clay soil is 2.8 cm/cc.
13. First production of fertilizer in india is single super phosphate(SSP) 1906.
14. Calcareous soil is formed in arid as well as humid region.
15. Active soil forming factors are climate and organism.
16. Fungi have add highest biomass in soil.
17. Soil colour determination by munsell’s Colour chart.
18. Positive bacteria colour is red.
19. “Sulphur institute” is located in Washington DC (1960).
20. First product of urea is ammonium carbonate.
21. Foliar application is best method for application of Fe and Zn.
22. Soil application is the best method for Ca, B, S, and Mo.
23. Kandic and arfullic origin found in alfisol order.
24. Surface colour of alkali soil is black.
25.Lowest classification of soil is series.
26. Sugerbeet is an indicator plant for sodium.
27.Wheat is an indicator plant for copper.
28.Silicon is essential for Rice and Maize.
29.PH of cat clay soil <4.
30. Phosphorus solubilizer bacteria besillus, aspergillus and pseudomonas( trick BAP).

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Daily Dosage - Soil Science Oneliner for all Competitive Exam

Soil Science Oneliner for all Competitive Exam

 1.             Black soil are best suitable for Dry land Agriculture.

2.             Red color of red soil is due to presence of Iron oxides.

3.             Most dominant mineral present on earth crust is Feldspar (48%).

4.             Mechanical analysis of soil separation is done by Hydrometric method.

5.             Kaolinite is most dominant mineral present in Red soil.

6.             Clay soil has highest total pore space.

7.             The weight of furrow slice of soil is 2.25x 10⁶ kg/ha.

8.             Order of black soil is vertisol.

9.             The term Zero tillage is coined by Jethrotull.

10.        USA is the first country to introduce zero tillage.

11.        The microorganisms has highest biomass in soil is Fungi.

12.        National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning is located Nagpur.

13.        Central Soil Salinity Research Institute is located at Karnal Haryana.

14.        Central soil testing laboratory is located at Patna, Bihar.

15.        B horizon is also known as illuvial horizon.

16.        A horizon is also known isElluvial horizon.

17.        O horizon is absent in Arable soil.

18.        O horizon is present in forest soil.

19.        Highest production of FYM is in Karnataka.

20.        C:N ration of micro organism is 4:1 to 9:1

21.        Ammonical fertilizers should be applied in Reduced zone.

22.        Nitrate fertilizer should be applied in Oxidized zone.

23.        Wood is mainly decomposed by Actinomycetes.

24.        The smell of soil after the fresh shower is due to Actinomycetes.

25.        Population of actinomycetes is higher in Alkaline soil.

26.        By adding organic matter Bulk density will decrease.

27.        Vermiculite is a 2:1 non-expanding type of mineral.

28.        Montmorillonite is a 2:1 expanding type of mineral.

29.        Kaolinite is a 1:1 non-expanding type of mineral.

Sunhemp is most outstanding green manure crop.

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