Daily Dosage - Maize - Oneliner- Agronomy Q & A For All Competitive Exams

 Maize -Oneliner- Agronomy Q & A For All Competitive Exams

1.  Origin of maize: Mexico
2. Botanical name of maize: Zea Mays
3. Family of maize: Gramineae/Poaceae
4. Chromosome number of maize: 2n=20
5. Maize is C4 plant and non-tiller plant.
6. Maize is a cross pollinated crop due to protoandry.
7. Protein in maize is called Zein(10%)
8. Oil percentage in maize- 4%.
9. Germination type of maize– Hypogeal type.
10. White bud in maize caused by Zinc deficiency.
11.  Male part is known as Tessel and female part is known as Silk.
12.  Removal of male part is known as De-tesseling.
13.  Maize is an indicator plant for Zn deficiency.
14.  Maize is a back bone of America.
15.  Bihar is a leading state in rabi maize.
16.  In maize yellow colour due to crypto-xanthin.
17.  Maize is known as queen of cereals.
18.  Opaque-2 gene presents in quality protein maize (QPM) varieties.
19.  Water requirement in maize: 600-800 mm.
20.   Maize is a short day plant.
21.   Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) established the first Coordinated Crop Improvement Project on maize (CCIPM) in 1957. In 1963 it was renamed as All Indian Coordinated Maize Improvement Project (AICMIP).
22 . It was further upgraded to Directorate of Maize Research (DMR) in January 1994. On 9th February, 2015 DMR was upgraded to ICAR- Indian Institute of Maize Research (ICAR-IIMR) to further consolidate the maize research programme in the country. The headquarters of ICAR-IIMR was shifted from New Delhi to Ludhiana in 2016.
23. Seed multiplication ratio of maize: 1:80 (Varieties) & 1:100 (Hybrids)
24. Flint corn (Zea mays indurata) cultivated in India.
25. About 95% of production in USA is dent corn (Zea mays indentata).
26. Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) is a sweetest among all corn.
27. Pop corn (Zea mays everta) When heated to 170°C, the grain swellsand         burst and turning inside out. At this temperature, the water held in the starch turns to steam and the pressure causes the explosion.
28. Seed rate for maize-

• Composite variety: 15-20 kg/ha.
• Kharif: 15-20 kg/ha.
• Baby corn: 25 kg /ha.
• Hybrid: 20-25 kg/ha.
• Fodder maize: 40-45 kg/ha.

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Daily Dosage -Paddy - Part 2 - Agronomy Important Q & A for all Competitive Exams

Paddy-Part 2 - Agronomy  Important  Q & A for all Competitive Exams

1.          Seed rate of rice-

• In Broad casting: 100 kg/ha.
• In Drilling method: 60 kg/ha.
• Dapog method: 1.5-3.0 kg/m2.
• SRI / Medagasker method: 6-7 kg/ ha.
• Hybrid rice: 15 kg/ha.

2.          Spacing for rice planting-

• Transplanting : 20 x 10 cm
• Hybrid : 20 x 15 cm
• SRI/ medagasker : 8 x 8 inch / 25 x 25 cm

3.          Nursery area for rice planting:

• Wet method: 1:10 m2
• SRI method:     1: 100 m2
•  Dapog method:  1:250 m2

4.      Seedlings become ready to transplant:

• Kharif : 20-25 day after sowing
• Rabi : 30-35 day after sowing
• Depog : 12-14 day after sowing
• SRI method : 10-12 day after sowing

5.      Depog method is a soil less method which is introduced from Manila ,                     Philippine
6.     SRI method from Madagascar, Developed by hennary di leley in 1980, Firstly adopted by TNAU in India.
7.     Hulling: removal of hull.
8.     Puddling: it is a process of destruction of soil aggregates by mechanical force in soil with excessive moisture  content  and  reduced the percolation loss.
9.     Milling : polishing of rice ( thus loss of Vit-B)
10.    Parboiling : hydrothermal process (treated by hot water) for conservation of Vit-B12
11.      Bushing: Ploughing on field after direct sowing for getting suitable no. of plants.
12.      NPK ratio for rice – 120:60:60
13.      Rice uptake nitrogen in both from- Ammonia and Nitrate.
14.      NH4- Methane gas released from paddy field.
15.      Respiration in rice plant by aeren chyma cell.
16.      Nitrogen use efficiency in rice 30-40%.
17.      Nitrogen fixation by BGA in rice field 20-25 kg/ha.

18.      Hybrid rice Developed by Y.L. Ping in 1970 at china.

19.      Hybrid rice introduced in india-1994
21.      Lunishree variety is known as super rice.
20.      Super rice Developed by G.S. Khush.
22.      Khaira disease in rice caused by Zn deficiency.
23.      Zn Deficiency first reported by Y.L. Nene in 1966 at pantnagar.
24.     Zn deficiency Managed by Znso4 0.5%
25.      Khaira disease also called iron rust.
26.      Browning in rice caused by iron toxicity.
27.      Phalguna variety of rice is tolerance to iron toxicity.
28.      White eye disease in rice caused by iron deficiency.
 

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Daily Dosage -Paddy - Part 1 - Agronomy Important Q & A for all Competitive Exams

 Paddy-Part 1 - Agronomy  Important Q & A for all Competitive Exams

1. Origin of paddy: South east Asia/Indo Burma.

2. Botanical name of rice: Oryza sativa

3. Family of Rice: Gramineae/Poaceae

4. Chromosome number in rice: 2n=24

5. Inflorescence of rice: panicle, which has 6 stamens.

6. Orzya sativa is evolve from Oryza nivara (2n=48)

7. Oryza sativa genome : AA

8. Rice is considered as Stable food of Asia.

9. Maximum hybrid rice cultivated in China.

10. Water requirement in rice for overall growth: 1250 mm.

11. 5000 littre water requirement to produce 1 kg rice.

12. Oryza sativa has 3 varietal types:

• Indica: grown in india, also called tropical rice

• Japonica : grown in japan, also called subtropical rice

• Javanica : grown in indonasia, wild rice

13. Lodging does not occur in japonica spp of rice.

14.Rice contains about 70% carbohydrate and 6-7% protein.

15.Rice protein is called oryzein.

16.Protein percentage in rice bran 12-15%

17.Critical stage for irrigation- Booting stage.

18.Rice field submerged in 5 cm deep water.

19.Test weight of rice 25 gm and basmati rice 21gm.

20.Fruit type is caryopsis.

21.Lemma & palea is called hull.

22.Stem of rice called as clum.

23.Rice is a self pollinated crop, C3 and short day crop.

24.Climate for rice: hot and humid.

25.Rice provides about 22% of the world’s supply of calories & 17% of the proteins.

26.In kharif, dry nursery of rice gives higher yields compared to wet nursery.

27.Lysine content in rice- 4 %

28.Seed multiplication ratio: 1:80 (Varieties) , 1:100 (Hybrids)

29.Temperature for rice cultivation-

• M inimum/base : 10-12⁰C

•  Optimum : 30-32⁰C

•  Maximum : 38-40⁰C

•  Average temp : 21-37⁰C

•  Blooming temp : 26.5-29.5⁰C

•  For ripening : 20-25⁰C

•  Panicle initiation : 20-22⁰C

30.Clay loam is best for rice cultivation

31.4-6 or 5.5-6.5, both are suitable for rice cultivation.

32.CRRI : central rice research institute, cuttack ( Orissa) 23 april 1946

33.IRRI : international rice research institute, los banos, phillippines, 1960

34.Dehusked rice is called as brown rice.

35.18% silicon is found in hull of rice.

36.Rice bran oil percentage: 18-20%.

37.Fat percentage in rice: 2-2.5%.

38.Polishing percentage in rice: 2%

39.Hulling percentage in rice: 66%

40.Husk percentage in rice: 33%

41. Milling percentage in rice: 50-55%

42. Harvesting index of rice: 0.40

43.The gene responsible for dwarfness is Dee-Gee-Woo-gene.

44. IR-8 = dee-gee-woo-gene x peta.

45.IR-8 introduced in India in 1966.

46.TN-1 variety introduced in India by G. V. Ghalam from international rice research institute in 1964.

47.Jaya = TN-1 X T-141 (miracle rice).

48. Aroma in rice is due to 2-Acetyl-1 Pyrroline.

49.IW/CPE for rice crop-1.20

50.Gap filling is done in paddy field 7-10 days after transplanting.

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