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Inequality Questions asked in Bank exam - How to solve, Prepare & Tips and Tricks

Inequality Questions asked in Bank exam - How to solve, Prepare & Tips and Tricks

What is Inequality in Reasoning?

Let us uderstand inequality with the help of an example: We know that the result of multiplication between 5 and 3 and number 15 are equal. Since they are equal it is an equality. In the same way, 5 × 5 ≠ 15. Here the product of 5 and 5 is not equal to the number 15. And since they are not equal, it is an inequality.

Why it is important for bank exams?

Inequalities is one of the topics where you can get full marks very easily. It is a common topic for all competitive exams. We can expect 3 to 5 questions from Inequality in every PO and Clerk level examination.

FAQ on Inequality

Q1- How many questions asked in Bank prelims exams?
Ans. There can be 3-5 questions of Inequality in reasoning section of prelims examination.

Q2- Are these questions asked in the Bank PO Mains exam?
Ans. No, but sometimes 3-4 questions of coded inequality ask in clerk mains level examination.

Questions based on the inequalities of commonly two types.

  • Direct inequalities and
  • Coded inequalities

Before discussing details for solving Inequalities questions, lets check the meaning of certain symbols in below table:–

To check the different relationship, we are presenting some different statement and conclusions in below table. From given below table you will get clear concept of relationship between two letters.

Priority of Symbols in Inequality

1. > ≥ =
For ex- If A>K≥M=O
Then, A> M and T>O
2. < ≤ =
For ex- If P<X≤V=Y
Then, P<Y and P<V
3. > < (No relation)
For ex- If Q>K<L
Then there will be no relation between Q and L.
4. > ≤ (No relation)
For ex- If O>J≤H
Then there will be no relation between O and H.
5. < > (No relation)
For ex- If F<E>Q
Then there will be no relation between F and Q.
6. < ≥ (No relation)
For ex- If D<S≥Z
Then there will be no relation between D and Z.

Either- or case 

In equality it is very important condition. Mostly students make mistakes in this condition. For clear concept we are giving example of “either-or”
1st condition for “either-or” is both conclusions should be wrong.
2nd condition is that variables of both conclusions should be same.
Eg. :–
Statement: P≥Q=R
Conclusion: (a) P > R (b) P = R

In above example, relation between P and R is P≥R. But both the conclusions are wrong and both have same variables. And by combining both conclusions you will get the actual relation between A and C which comes from statement.

2. Statement: P=Q≥R≥S=T
Conclusion I: (a)P>T (b)P=T
From the above statement it is clear that P is either equals to T or P is greater than T ,So individually both the conclusions are wrong but by combining them we will get that P is either greater than or equals to T (P≥T).
Conclusion II: (a) Q>S (b) Q=S
Similarly from the above statement for conclusion II we can see that there is an either / or case between Q and S, So Q either will be greater than or equals to S.

Complicated case of “Either-or”

Statement: H≥M≤V=K
Conclusions: (1) H<K (2) H≥K

In the above statement we cannot find the relation between H and K. There may be three possibilities of relation between H and K.
i.e. (a) H>K (b) H<K (c) H=K
And we are getting all possibilities by combining both conclusions. So, this is also one case of “Either-or”.

Statement: F<T≤N,F>S,M≤T<G
Conclusions: I.M≥S II. S>M
In the above question by combining the statements together we get S<F<T≥M. So we cannot find the relation between M and S. As there can be three possible cases: M is either greater, lesser or equals to S. In conclusions I and II we can find all the three possible cases so the answer will be either conclusion I or II follow.

Statement: L≥K<E≥A>F≥B
Conclusions: I.L<B II.B≤L
This is another example showing that no direct relation is found between B and L and all the three possible conditions as L>B, L<B or L=B can be there. So the answer will be either conclusion I or II follow.

Example of coded Inequalities

Directions (1- 3): In the following questions, the symbols @, &, %, $ and # are used with the following meaning as illustrated below:
‘P @ Q’ means ‘P is not smaller than Q’
‘P &Q’ means ‘P is neither greater than nor equal to Q’
‘P# Q’ means ‘P is neither greater than nor smaller than Q’
‘P $ Q’ means ‘P is not greater than Q’
‘P % Q’ means ‘P is neither smaller than nor equal to Q’.
Now in each of the following questions assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the three conclusions follow and give answer accordingly.

Q1. Statements: R @ V, V $ J, J &K
Conclusions I. K % R II. J @ R III. K % V
(a) Only I is true
(b) Only II is true
(c) Only I and II are true
(d) Only III is true
(e) None of these
S1.Ans.(d)

Q2. Statements: D % H, H @ V, V $ W
Conclusions: I. H % W II. D % V III. D % W
(a) Only I is true
(b) Only II is true
(c) Only I and II are true
(d) All are true
(e) None of these
S2.Ans.(b)

Q3. Statements: M $ T, T& J, J #N
Conclusions: I. N % M II. J % M III. M $ N
(a) Only I is true
(b) Only II is true
(c) Only I and II are true
(d) All are true
(e) None of these
S3.Ans.(c)


Puzzle - Study Notes

 Types of Puzzle for  IBPS Bank Exam 2021

Puzzles are the most common scoring topic that is seen in almost all the banking examination. Generaly there are atleast 3-4 puzzles that is prevalent in all bank exam. This mean you can fetch around 5-7 marks or more out of the puzzle out of the total  marks.

Types of Puzzle
    • Box based puzzles
    • Floor/ lift based puzzles
    • Day/ Month/ Year based puzzles.
    • Age based puzzles
    • Puzzles based on categorization.
    • Puzzles based on comparison.(Based on height, color, marks, age etc)
    • Puzzles based on Blood Relation.
    • Designation based (salary, experience etc)
    • Linear puzzle
    • Parallel lines puzzles
    • Circular puzzle
    • Mix/ Uncertain puzzle

 Questions Based on Puzzles

I. Here is the example of week based puzzle:

Question: A group of seven persons –J, K, L, M, N, O and P like different fruits i.e. kiwi, mango, apple, guava, watermelon, orange and strawberry. They attend classes on different days of week starting from Monday to Sunday. No two persons has class on same day of the week. N attends class on Friday. Only one person attends class between the one who likes guava and the one who likes watermelon. K likes apple. More than one person attends the class between the one who likes orange and the one who likes strawberry. N likes Guava. M likes kiwi. P attends class on Sunday. Only one person attends class between J and L. Neither the one who likes orange nor the one who likes kiwi attends the class on Saturday. K attends class on Tuesday. The one who likes mango attends the class before the one who likes apple.

Solution:

Types Of Puzzle To Prepare For SBI PO Prelims Exam 2020_40.1
Q1. How many persons attend the class between the one who likes orange and P?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) more than three
(e) None of these

Answer: (c)

Q2.Who likes Watermelon?
(a) K
(b) L
(c) M
(d) P
(e) None of these

Answer: (d)

Q3.Who attends class on Thursday?
(a) J
(b) L
(c) M
(d) O
(e) None of these

Ans: (d)

Q4.Who attends class on Saturday?
(a) K
(b) O
(c) P
(d) L
(e) None of these

Answer: (b)

Q5. If K is related to Mango and N is related to Kiwi, then in the similar way, P is related to?
(a) Apple
(b) Orange
(c) Strawberry
(d) Kiwi
(e) Cannot be determined

Answer: (c)

II. Puzzles based on colors:

Question: Seven persons i.e. A, B, C, D, E, F and G who all like different colours i.e. Green, Red, Blue, Yellow, Black, Pink and White but not necessarily in the same order. D likes Black colour. Neither A nor E likes Pink colour. Neither F nor A likes Yellow colour. Neither A, B nor E likes Green Colour. Neither B nor E likes Yellow colour. Neither C nor F likes Green colour. B does not like pink and white colour. A does not like white and Red colour.

Solution:

Q1. A like which of the following colour?
(a) Pink
(b) Red
(c) Blue
(d) White
(e) None of these

Answer: (c)

Q2. Which of the following combination of colour and person is correct?
(a) C-Yellow
(b) A-White
(c) B-Pink
(d) D-Yellow
(e) None of these

Answer: (a)

Q3. Who among the following likes Pink colour?
(a) E
(b) F
(c) D
(d) G
(e) None of these

Answer: (b)

Q4. Which of the following combination is incorrect?
(a) A-Blue
(b) C-Yellow
(c) G-Green
(d) E-Pink
(e) All are correct

Answer: (d)


Seating Arrangement - Study Material

 Seating Arrangement

In banking exams Seating Arrangement questions can be asked in itself or Data Sufficiency. Usually 10-12 questions can be asked from this topic, thus it can fetch you easy marks with right practice.

Introduction
  • In seating arrangement, we are generally asked to arrange a group of people according to the given conditions. They may have to be seated around a table, the table could be of any shape-circular, square, rectangular, pentagonal or any other. To solve seating arrangement problems on the basis of the information given in the equation.
  • It is one of the important part of the reasoning section for any competitive exam (specially Bank PO). In this part, questions are based on set of information containing set of conditions which gives hidden information followed by set of questions.
  • These type of questions judge the ability of a candidates to analyze the information and solve the questions by the help of pictorial figures.
CONCEPTS:

 Linear arrangement: – In this arrangement, there can be single row or parallel rows facing each other or opposite.
(i) 
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_50.1
(Directions if the people are facing north)
(ii) 
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_60.1
(Directions if the people are facing South)
(iii) 
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_70.1
(Directions if the people are seating parallel to each other facing South and North)

Circular Arrangement: In this Arrangement, people are sitting around a circle facing towards or outside the centre.
(i)
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_80.1
(ii)
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_90.1
(iii)
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_100.1

Rectangular/square Arrangement: In this Arrangement, people are sitting around a rectangle or square facing towards or outside the centre.
(i)
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_110.1
(ii)
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_120.1
(iii)
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_130.1
(People sitting at middle of the side, facing the centre and people sitting at edge/corner facing outside the centre)

Important points to be noted during solving the questions:
Step I: The data given in such questions specify the positions of some or all the individuals in arrangement. The positions are specified through conditions involving specified persons sitting (or not sitting) opposite each other or a particular person sitting to the right of left of another person etc.
Step II: Once you read the data, first draw the shape (Circle, square, rectangle, pentagaon, etc) specified in the data and then mark the slots (empty spaces) in the sitting arrangement.
Step III: Using all definite information, fill up as many slots (empty places) as possible. Means always be careful to choose the correct starting point. Those information which are (100%) confirm should be taken first.
Step IV: Never assume anything in the questions.
Step V: In case, if information cannot be use, mark that information and use them, later when the problems calls for it.
Step VI: Now, move on the comparative information. Taking comparative information and consider all possibilities and choose the possibility which does not violate any condition.
Step VII: Be careful with certain words like “not”, “only”, “who”, “and”.
Step VIII:  Some gender defining terms are like “him”, “her”, “he”, “she” will help you decode the information.

Some specific type of statements:
  •  A is between B and C
In this case there are two possibilities
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_140.1
  • A, who is 3rd to the left of B
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_150.1
  •   A, who is third to the right of B
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_160.1
  •  B is sitting to the immediate left of A, who is sitting to the immediate left of C.
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_170.1
  • B, who is sitting to the immediate left of A and to the immediate right of C. 
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_180.1
  • B and C are adjacent of A:-
 In this case there are two possibilities
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_190.1
Example 1:
Eight persons P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting in a circular table but not necessary in same order. Two persons sit between R and Q. Two persons sit between R and S. V sits third to the right of P who is not immediate neighbor of S and Q. W sits opposite to T. U sits immediate right of W. S does not sit third to the left of W.
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_200.1
Example 2:
Ten persons are sitting in two parallel rows containing five persons in each row such a way that there is an equal distance between adjacent persons. In row-1, A, B, C, D and E are seated and all of them are facing south. In row-2, P, Q, R, S and T are seated and all of them are facing north. Therefore, in the given seating arrangement, each member seated in a row faces another member of the other row.
T sits third to the right of Q. The persons facing P sits to the immediate right of B. Only one person sits between B and D. P sits second to the left of T.  A is not an immediate neighbor of B. Only two people sit between A and C. Neither B nor A faces S.
Study Notes: Seating Arrangement For Bank PO_210.1

Percentage - Study Material

 Percentage

In Quantitative Aptitude, Percentage is defined as a number or ratio which can be expressed as a fraction of 100 or a fraction whose denominator is 100 is called a percentage & the numerator of the fraction is called the rate percent.

Concept of Percentage:

Kamal saves 20% of his monthly income means – Kamal saves Rs.20 out of every Rs.100 of his income.

  • To calculate x% of y - (x/100) * y = (x*y)/100
  • x% of y = y% of x
  • Percentage change in value = {change/(initial value)} * 100
  • Increase A by x%= A(1 + x/100)
  • Decrease A by x% = A(1 – x/100)
  • If Y is x% more /less than Z, then Z is 100x/(100 + x) % less/more than Y
  • Successive Percentage Change - If there are successive percentage increases of x % and y%, the effective percentage increase is: {(x + y + (xy/100)}%

 

Concept of Percentage

Percentage and Percent are related closely to each other. Percent (%) is accompanied with a specific number.
Example - More than 80% of the students who took ADDA247 test series qualified the RBI Assistant prelims 2020. Percentage is represented without a number, is used generally for general case of percent.
Example: The percentage of the population affected by coronovirus is between 20% and 25%.

Tricks Related To Percentage:

Fraction, Ratio, Percent and Decimal are interrelated with each other. The conversion table will serve as a shortcut trick to solve various questions.

Approximation - Study Material

 Approximation

An approximation is an entity that is intentionally similar but not exactly equal to something else. The approach to solve approximation questions in various government exams like IBPS, SSC, Railways, PSUs etc. are similar to simplification. To solve approximation questions, we need to understand the foundation of simplification i.e. BODMAS.


B → Remove Brackets - in the order ( ) , { }, [ ]
O → Of
D → Division
M → Multiplication
A → Addition
S → Subtraction

Chronology of BODMAS Rule

Here are the steps to implement BODMAS rule in approximation questions:

Step 1: Identify & compute the brackets. Moreover, in solving brackets the order (), {} and [] should be followed..

Step 2: Compute Powers, roots.

Step 3: In the penultimate step, Perform division & multiplication (left to right as division & multiplication have same rank).

Step 4: Finally perform addition & Substraction (left to right as addition & substraction have same rank).

Q1: Solve 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × (18 ÷ 6)^2 - 10

Step1: 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × 3^2 - 10 (Compute Brackets first)

Step 2: 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × 6 - 10 (Deduce Exponents)
Step 3: 12 + 2 × 6 - 10 = 12 + 12 - 10 (Division and multiplication, left to right)
Step 4: 24 - 10 = 34 (Addition and Subtraction, left to right)

 

Q2: Solve 4433.888 - 2211.911 - 1133.546 + 3377.222

Tip: Solve this types of questions by approximating the value.

    • 4433.764 = 4434
    • 2211.993 = 2212
    • 1133.667 = 1134
    • 3377.442 = 3377
  • 4434 - 2212 - 1134 + 3377 = 4466
Q3: Solve 38.73 x 15.11 - 27.88 × 10.23 = (20 + ?) × 4.89

Approximating value to the nearest integer,
39 x 15 – 28 x 10 = (20 + ?) x 5
585 – 280 = (20 + ?) x 5 (Multiplying LHS)
305 = (20 + ?) x 5 (Subtracting LHS)
305/5 = 20 + ?
61 = 20 + ?
? = 61 – 20
? = 41

Approximation: Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: What is Approximation?

Answer: Approximation is a process by which complex numerical expression are broken down into simpler form by performing various mathematical operations according to BODMAS rule.

Q2: In which exams questions related Approximation are asked?

Answer: Questions related to Approximation are asked in quantitative aptitude section of all competitive exams like IBPS, SSC, Railways etc.

Q3: How many questions are asked from Approximation?

Answer: On an average, 5-7 questions are asked from Approximation.

Q4: How can I solve Approximation questions?

Answer: Practice is the key. Improve your calculation speed & accuracy.

Simplification - Study Material

Simplification


Simplification is a process by which complex numerical expression are broken down into simpler form by performing various mathematical operations according to BODMAS rule. Simplification tests the basic numerical computation ability of the candidate. Here are the basic concepts & tricks of simplification.


Concept of Simplification

The basic concept of Simplification is based on the following:

 

V → Vinculum

B → Remove Brackets – in the order ( ) , { }, [ ]

O → Of

D → Division

M → Multiplication

A → Addition

S → Subtraction


Tips & Tricks to solve Simplification Questions

  •         Have a strong command over BODMAS. 
  •      Learn the concept of digital sum.
  •      Memorize tables up to 50.
  •      Memorize cubes and squares of numbers up to 40.
  •          Learn shortcut tricks to find squares and cubes of numbers greater than 40.
  •          Learn shortcut tricks to find cube roots and square roots.
  •          Learn the concept of percentages (conversion of fractions to percentage & percentage to fractions)
  •          Memorize the reciprocals.
  •          If necessary, round the numbers to the nearest integers.

Simplification Important Topic

  • Simplification is an important topic of Quantitative Aptitude. 
  • In banking exams, approximately 5-7 questions are asked from this topic alone which can be up to 10 at the clerical level. One mistake that students tend to do is do the lesser practice of this topic as it seems much easier than the other. This results in slow speed and their inability to score good marks in quantitative aptitude. 
  • This topic can be considered as the backbone of the Quantitative Aptitude section because no matter which topic you are doing, the calculation is a must and prelims is all about calculation at a higher speed. In this space, we will be telling you some of the tricks which can help you to perform really well in your upcoming exams. 


What is Simplification?

  • Simplification refers to the process of breaking down a lengthy calculation in a much simpler way. For example- 8.35% of 8 can be simplified as 1/16 x 8, which is much easier than the earlier equation. 
  • Given below are some of the tips which can help you to ace this topic:
    •         Learn Tables up to 25
    •          Learn Cubes up to 25
    •          Learn Squares up to 25
    •          Learn Fractions up to 25
If you will prepare the above-given things by heart then you can easily solve this topic in much lesser time with more accuracy.

Simplification Practice Set - 1000+ Simplification practice set