Agri Info

 Pearl Millet /Cumbu Oneliner - Agronomy Important Q & A for all Competitive Exam

1.          Origin of pearl millet: Africa

2.          Botanical name of pearl millet: Pennisetum typhodium.

3.          Family of pearl millet: Poaceae/Gramineae

4.          Chromosome number of pearl millet: 2n=14

5.          Pearl millet is a Highly drought tolerant among all cereals.

6.          In pearl millet Cross pollination due to protogyney.

7.          Other names of pearl millet: cattle millet, spike millet, candle millte, cumbu.

8.          Grain contains 12.4% of moisture, 11.6% of protein, 5% of fat, 67% of carbohydrates and 2.7% of minerals.

9.          In pearl millet Lowest water requirement among all cereals(25cm or 250 m)

10.         Cumbu is a Warm weather crop, Germination in cumbu: Hypogeal type

11.         Pearl millet is Sensitive to water logging and acidic soil.

12.          Pearl millet Considered as a poor man’s food.

13.          First hybrid of pearl millet: HB-1 (1965) ( tift 23A x bill 3B)

14.          Spacing for pearl millet: 45 x 15 cm

15.          Pearl millet is a Mineral rich cereal.

16.          Moisture percentage at harvesting stage in pearl millet: 20%

17.          Moisture percentage at the time of storage in pearl millet: 10-12%

18.          P. purpureum - Elephant grass

19.          Seed multiplication ratio of pearlmillet: 1:200

20.          Seed rate of pearl millet: 4-5 kg/ha

21.          Seed rate of pearl millet for fodder: 10-12 kg/ha

22.          Spacing of pearl millet:  45 x 12-15 cm

23.          Sowing depth of pearl millet: 2-3 cm

 Barley Oneliner - Agronomy Important Q & A For All Competitive Exam

1.Origin of Barley: South East Asia

2.Botanical name of barley: Hordeum vulgare

3.Family of barley: Gramineae/Poaceae

4.Chromosome number of barley: 2n=14

5.Barley mostly used in the malt production.

6.Moisture percentage in malt : <14%

7.Inflorescence of Barley: Spike/Head/Pearl.

8. Barley seed called: Cariyopsis

9.Pearl barley is used for kidney disorder.

10. Lugdi is a fermented drink developed by hull less barley grains.

11. Barley is a Rabi cereal crop.

12. In barley Protein - 11.5%, carbohydrate - 74%, fat - 1.3%, crude fibre - 3.9%, ash - 1.5%.

13.Soil requirement Barley is tolerant to salinity and alkalinity, but, sensitive to acidity. Drained, fertile deep loam

14.Soil pH 7-8.

15.Barley grown in high N soils.

16.Seed rate of barley-

•    Irrigated condition – 75-80 kg/ha.
•    Rainfed – 100 kg/ha.
•    Late sowing: 100-120 kg/ha.

17. Spacing for barley sowing: 22.5x10 cm

18. Sowing depth of barley: 5 cm

19. Water requirement for barley is 200-300mm.

 Wheat Oneliner- Agronomy Important Q & A For All Competitive Exams

1.Origin of wheat: South West Asia

2.Botanical  Name  of  Wheat:  Triticum  astivum  (  Bread  Wheat)

3.Family of wheat: Gramineae/Poaceae

4.Chromosome number of wheat: 2n=42

5.Basic chromosome number of wheat: 7

6.Wheat is a C3, Self Pollinated, long day plant.

7. Wheat is Cool and moist weather loving crop.

8. Ph for wheat cultivation: 6 to 7.5

9.Wheat is a Staple food of world.

10.Wheat is known as King of cereals.

11.Wheat and mustard intercropping ratio 9:1

12.Harvesting index of wheat: 40-50%

13.Spacing for wheat sowing: 22.5 x 10 cm

14.Germination type in wheat: Hypogeal.

15.Fruit type of wheat: Caryopsis.

16.Inflorescence of wheat: Head/Ear/Spike.

17.Zigzag axis called as Rachis.

18.Spikelets are composed flower called Florats.

19.Water requirement in wheat: 500- 600mm.

20.Number of irrigation required in wheat: 6.

21.IW/CPE ratio of wheat:0.90

22. Wheat storage moisture percentage : 10-12%

23. Moisture content at harvesting stage in wheat: 25-30%

24.Shelling percentage of wheat : 60%

25.Triticale is a man made cereal which is cross of Wheat x Rye ( by  Rimpu,Swidon,1875).

26.Gene found in wheat – Rht-1,2.

27.      First variety of triticale is DT-46.

28.      Larma rojo all three rust of wheat resistant variety.

29.      Seed multiplication ratio of wheat: 1:20

30.      Goojo method is used for production of hybrid seed in wheat.

31.      Indian institute of wheat and barley research, Karnal, Haryana 

32.      Seed rate for wheat sowing-

•       Dibbling method: 25-30 kg/ha.
•       Normal sowing: 100 kg/ha.
•       Late sowing: 125 kg/ha.

33.      Temperature for wheat cultivation-

•    Mimimum/base : 4⁰C
•    Optimum : 20-22⁰C
•    Maximum : 32⁰C

34. Temperature for vegetative stage is 16-22ºC. Temperature above 22ºC decreases the plant height.

35.Sowing depth of wheat: 3-4cm

36.Tall wheat sowing depth: 8-9 cm

37.Test weight of wheat is 40 gm and Test Weight of Phalaris Minor 2 gm.

38.Critical stage for irrigation is CRI after 21 DAS. Discovered by B.L. Bhardwaj.

39.Objectional weed of wheat: Convolvulus arvensis.

40.Absolute weed of wheat:  Chenopodium album (Bathua).

41.Norin- 10 is dwarfing gene in wheat which is discovered by  Dr. N.E. Boulaug in 1962

42.Phalaris minor is a mimicary weed of wheat. Earlier controlled by  isoproturon, now a days it is controlled by solfosulforen.

43.Common herbicide for wheat is 2, 4-D.

44.Bio-fertilizer use in wheat: Azotobacter (Non-symbiotically)

45.Triticum aestivum (2n=42): Mexican dwarf wheat, 87% area covered by T. aestivum, evolved by Dr. N.E. Borlaug. It is also called as Bread wheat. Most suited for chapati and bakery. It is cultivated throughout India

46.T. vulgare (2n=42): tall wheat for rainfed condition, typical wheat for alluvial soil.

47.T. durum (2n=28): Marconi wheat, best for drought condition, used for suji purpose, covered 12% of total wheat. It is best suited for preparation of noodles, vermicelli, etc.

48.T. dicocum (2n=28): emmer wheat called as winter / spring wheat, used for uppumav purpose, mainly grown in south india, only 1 % covered of total wheat area.

49.T. spherococum (2n=14) : Indian dwarf wheat

50.T. monococum (2n=14): Einkon wheat

51.Seminal roots of wheat:temporary and responsible for nourishment to plant in early stage.

52.Crown  roots of wheat: Permanent  and appeared after tillering    stage(20-22 DAS)

53.Critical phases of wheat for irrigation are:CRI: 20-25 DAS

54.Second most critical stage: Flowering

55.Third important stage: Jointing and Milk stages

56.Problematic mono-cot weeds of wheat are: Phalaris minor – (Canary grass), Avena fatua (Wild oat), Polypogan monspliensis.

 Maize -Oneliner- Agronomy Q & A For All Competitive Exams

1.  Origin of maize: Mexico
2. Botanical name of maize: Zea Mays
3. Family of maize: Gramineae/Poaceae
4. Chromosome number of maize: 2n=20
5. Maize is C4 plant and non-tiller plant.
6. Maize is a cross pollinated crop due to protoandry.
7. Protein in maize is called Zein(10%)
8. Oil percentage in maize- 4%.
9. Germination type of maize– Hypogeal type.
10. White bud in maize caused by Zinc deficiency.
11.  Male part is known as Tessel and female part is known as Silk.
12.  Removal of male part is known as De-tesseling.
13.  Maize is an indicator plant for Zn deficiency.
14.  Maize is a back bone of America.
15.  Bihar is a leading state in rabi maize.
16.  In maize yellow colour due to crypto-xanthin.
17.  Maize is known as queen of cereals.
18.  Opaque-2 gene presents in quality protein maize (QPM) varieties.
19.  Water requirement in maize: 600-800 mm.
20.   Maize is a short day plant.
21.   Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) established the first Coordinated Crop Improvement Project on maize (CCIPM) in 1957. In 1963 it was renamed as All Indian Coordinated Maize Improvement Project (AICMIP).
22 . It was further upgraded to Directorate of Maize Research (DMR) in January 1994. On 9th February, 2015 DMR was upgraded to ICAR- Indian Institute of Maize Research (ICAR-IIMR) to further consolidate the maize research programme in the country. The headquarters of ICAR-IIMR was shifted from New Delhi to Ludhiana in 2016.
23. Seed multiplication ratio of maize: 1:80 (Varieties) & 1:100 (Hybrids)
24. Flint corn (Zea mays indurata) cultivated in India.
25. About 95% of production in USA is dent corn (Zea mays indentata).
26. Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) is a sweetest among all corn.
27. Pop corn (Zea mays everta) When heated to 170°C, the grain swellsand         burst and turning inside out. At this temperature, the water held in the starch turns to steam and the pressure causes the explosion.
28. Seed rate for maize-

• Composite variety: 15-20 kg/ha.
• Kharif: 15-20 kg/ha.
• Baby corn: 25 kg /ha.
• Hybrid: 20-25 kg/ha.
• Fodder maize: 40-45 kg/ha.